Analysis Of Archeology My Own Words, It Is The Study Of...

Archeology: in my own words, it is the study of the past through the â€Å"things† that were left behind by those who came before us. I think everyone can agree there is something fascinating about picking up an old knife or pot of clay and wondering what life was like when it was created. It seems like it is no surprise that so many people could easily believe legends of a lost city or of great giants ruling the earth long ago. Such legends seem to only add to the mystery and wonder of the past. However, in my opinion I feel that the past is already mysterious as it is, no additions needed. Personally, I feel the true value comes from the knowledge gained when one sets out to learn the truth behind the myths. And over the course of the semester, I’ve learned a great deal of things I plan to apply in my future (as part of a professional community). As a medical student, I feel that being a part of the medical community (especially after I graduate) is one of the most si gnificant aspects in my life. There are many concepts we have discussed in this course that would be of use to me when I go on to my own practice, first and foremost being the upholding of the scientific method. The scientific method was one of our former discussion topics, and I feel was one of the most important topics we addressed. Scientific evidence is the cornerstone of modern medicine. By encouraging my patients and colleages to believe in the scientific method and the evidence of research, I feel that IShow MoreRelatedWritten Sources13656 Words   |  55 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: The Analysis-criticizing Method of Written Sources (Through surveying Kautilya’s Arthashastra) BY NGUYEN THI THANH MAI Department of South Asian Studies Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economyRead MoreWritten Sources13665 Words   |  55 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: The Analysis-criticizing Method of Written Sources (Through surveying Kautilya’s Arthashastra) BY NGUYEN THI THANH MAI Department of South Asian Studies Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economyRead MoreAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 Pages CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS 3 CHAPTER 2: COMPARATIVE STUDIES, SCHOLARSHIP, AND THEOLOGY 6 CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 10 CHAPTER 4: THE GODS 14 CHAPTER 5: TEMPLES AND RITUALS 19 CHAPTER 6: STATE AND FAMILY RELIGION 22 CHAPTER 7: COSMIC GEOGRAPHY 25 CHAPTER 8: COSMOLOGY AND COSMOGONY 28 CHAPTER 9: UNDERSTANDING THE PAST HUMAN ORIGINS AND ROLE 31 CHAPTER 10: UNDERSTANDING THE PAST 34 CHAPTER 11: ENCOUNTERING THE PRESENT 38 CHAPTER 12: ENCOUNTERINGRead MoreMuseum and Tourism25584 Words   |  103 PagesMuseums and tourism Stakeholders, resource and sustainable development Master’s Dissertation International Museum Studies Museion/Gà ¶teborg University Spring term 2004 Author: Guà °brandur Benediktsson Supervisor: Cajsa Lagerkvist LIST OF CONTENTS FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Aims and objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Theoretical approaches and sources. . . . . . . . Read MoreMuseum and Tourism25591 Words   |  103 PagesMuseums and tourism Stakeholders, resource and sustainable development Master’s Dissertation International Museum Studies Museion/Gà ¶teborg University Spring term 2004 Author: Guà °brandur Benediktsson Supervisor: Cajsa Lagerkvist LIST OF CONTENTS FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Aims and objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Theoretical approaches and sources. . . . . . . . . . 2 3

Statement of Purpose key point in my career Free Essays

Statement of Purpose: I feel I am at a key point in my career, where I find myself intensely energized by the possibilities to exchange ideas, and participate in higher learning opportunities, particularly within the field of Business Administration. For the past four years I have relished an interdisciplinary scope of work in the field of Risk Compliance Management at Hardware and Lumber Limited; Occupational Health Safety, Compliance Audit, Internal Control Audits, Disaster Policy, and Business Continuity are just some of my day to day remit. I am most fascinated by the clash between economic interests of stakeholders, and the company’s need to comply with international environmental standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Purpose: key point in my career or any similar topic only for you Order Now My central goal is to work on the cutting edge of the progress reached in the field of business and entrepreneurship, while striking a balance between the contending priorities. The University College of the Caribbean MBA Program will optimally provide me with the tools techniques required to achieve this goal. My Interest in Risk Management began to evolve with what I witnessed firsthand in Manhattan, New York, U. S. A. on September 11, 2001. I noted with amazement, that in spite of the understandable confusion of all concerned, there was an unprecedented level of coordination in response, which was activated and executed within minutes, with relative seamlessness. The result was fewer lives lost, due to quick, appropriate, and adequately resourced response. On the other hand, later acts of nature, which were disseminated across computer screens and television sets, belied evidence of advancements in the sphere of Disaster Preparedness. Cases in point: The response to the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina, and the Haitian and Japanese earthquakes. The snail paced response to the former and the relative ad hoc protocols for recovery of the latter two events have left images which will not be easily expunged from my memory. These have served as confirmation that at all socio-economic levels there is the need for prudent disaster planning and management. Professionally, I have sought advancement and have been charged with increased responsibilities and new learning opportunities related to Risk Management for the past 11 years. In 2001, I assumed the post of Regional Manager of the Jamaica National Small Business Loan Company. With my interest peaked, and the â€Å"911† legacy of Business Continuity not as entrenched as it is today, the subject took on unprecedented importance in our company. As a young middle manager, I was mandated with ensuring that the loan portfolio was sufficiently diversified with varying business activities to mitigate the risks of similar events; at that time sale of imported wares featured disproportionately in the portfolio. The company would claim eventual success thanks to this strategic move, and I would earn the Chairman’s Award, with the real legacy being that I facilitated proper risk assessments techniques, which was adopted and became entrenched in policy and procedure. I later ventured to the Civil Service, eventually assuming the post of Compliance Manager pro tem, at the Companies Office of Jamaica. My total tenure was approximately five years. On this assignment, my mandate was to ensure that local business risks were adequately underwritten. A major responsibility in this capacity was ensuring that entities which operated businesses in Jamaica were duly registered and met their statutory obligations in a timely manner, and by extension that they qualified for General Peril Insurance. The strategy employed was to engage proprietors through canvassing, mass media campaigns, information sessions, and outreach initiatives. An analysis of local entrepreneurial pursuits gleaned a common cyclical tenure in small and micro activities in Jamaica. These entities would have their ultimate demise with the passage of a natural, manmade, or economic disaster. Generally, Risk Management and Business Continuity Planning were identified as lacking operational imperatives. I was able to make the case for deliberate Risk Management at the public education presentations with anecdotes of companies and businesses which were so affected. My proposition is that Disaster Planning is a most important domain of Business Administration and economic continuity, without which enterprises, economies, and nations invariably fall prey to ravishes of man or nature. To become an effective advocate for sustained and coordinated State and Enterprise Risk Management, one must earn formal endorsement. I am convinced that by earning this degree I would have gained the appropriate start. Ultimately, I aspire to teach and work in Risk Management. I hope to find ways of enabling business development, while protecting enterprises from the crippling effects of disasters. At this time, an MBA is the ideal course to pursue towards achieving this end. Respectfully submitted by: Gregory Spalding How to cite Statement of Purpose: key point in my career, Essay examples

Letter of Complaint free essay sample

Fast Food Company. 50 Lion road. Kampala 23330. Uganda. Dear Sir, I am writing to convey to you that the service your company has been providing has worsened substantially during the last three months. Firstly, the quality of the food has decreased considerably during this period. This fact has been noticeable since you change your main supplier. Over these three months, fruits and vegetables have almost been eliminated from the menu, including an important amount of frozen food instead. Not only have these facts undermined the quality of the food, but it will also affect the health of our personnel in the long run. Secondly, there have been several complaints regarding the cleanliness of the dining facility. These complaints were previously reported several times, but your company has always argued that it lacks personnel since some of them left the company. This seems to be a major problem, since it has been reported a plague of cockroach. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Complaint or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can be argued that, had your company invested in personnel, these shortcomings would have been solved. It would have been desirable that you had hired personnel replacing those who left the company; this measure as well as a raise of the salaries would have prevented workers looking for another job, thus it would have enhance the standard of the service as well. I regret to inform that there has been a clear breach of contract; therefore, our agency has decided not to renew it. However, and in order to avoid a massive dismissal, employee would have been granted a job in the prospective food service company as long as they fulfill all the requirements. Thank you for your service. David Martinez

The Great Gatsby and Browning’s Poetry Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby and Browning’s Poetry Essay Comparative Essays Browning/Gatsby 1. â€Å"A deeper understanding of aspirations and identity emerges from considering the parallels between The Great Gatsby and Browning’s poetry. † Compare how these texts explore aspirations and identity. 2. â€Å"The most interesting aspect of texts written in different times is seeing differences in what people value. † Evaluate this opinion in relation to the poems of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and the novel The Great Gatsby. In your response make detailed reference to at least two or three of Browning’s sonnets and to The Great Gatsby. 3. Compare the ways in which texts offer insights into the human experience. Respond to this statement in relation to the pair of prescribed texts that you have studied. 4. Analyse the ways in which a comparative study of the prescribed Browning poetry and The Great Gatsby invite consideration of how each of the texts reflect changing values and perspectives. We will write a custom essay on The Great Gatsby and Browning’s Poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In your response make detailed reference to your prescribed texts. (For Browning this would mean writing on 2 or 3 sonnets) 5. â€Å"Texts on their own are interesting but when you compare them to other texts they become illuminating and dynamic. † How has your exploration of the ideas in Barrett Browning’s sonnets and The Great Gatsby moved you to a heightened appreciation of each text? 6. â€Å"Context affects our perceptions of how texts are received over time. † How have you found this to be true in your comparative study? . Browning and Fitzgerald offer markedly different perspectives on love. What are the perspectives of each and how effectively is the viewpoint of each conveyed? 8. You have been asked to be the guest speaker at a literary conference called Exploring Connections where the focus is on connections between different texts and contexts. Write your speech analysing the connections between texts discussing what you believe to be the key elements. Make detailed reference to your two prescribed texts.

Mobilink Jazz Essay Example

Mobilink Jazz Essay Example Mobilink Jazz Essay Mobilink Jazz Essay The project in your hands follows a marketing plan in which Mobilink Jazz is discussed. The plan is simple yet with changes to Mobilink Jazz’s marketing plan. The document holds the market segmentation for this telecom service provider. Along with that it discusses the main four P’s of Maketing and future plans for each of them. Before all the above mentioned, however, we’ve discussed the telecommunication industry in detil and have carried out an analysis of the sector. In the ending we have the budgeting of the marketing end of Jazz. Hope you like the effort we’ve put into it. Happy Reading! TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Introduction5 Industry Analysis8 PEST, BCG, Porter’s 5 Forces, Positioning Map11 The 4 P’s16 Marketing Budgeting33 The New Package35 Introduction Mobilink GSM (PMCL), a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom is the market leader in providing state-of-the-art communications solutions in Pakistan. Orascom Telecom Holding S. A. E (OTH), the parent company based in Egypt was established in 1998, and has grown to become the largest and most diversified GSM network operator in the Middle East, Africa, and Pakistan. With over ten licenses covering the region, Orascom Telecom has positioned itself as a leading telecommunications conglomerate in emerging markets of this region. Orascom enter in the Pakistani market through the licensing where they have to pay the Royalty fee. Mobilink covers approximately 85 percent of Pakistans urban population and it can proudly boast of being the first cellular service provider in Pakistan to operate on a 100% digital GSM technology. It offers tariff plans that are exclusively designed to cater to the communication needs of a diverse group of people, taking into account occasional users to businessmen. To achieve this objective, Mobilink offers both postpaid (Indigo) and the prepaid (JAZZ) solutions to its customers. In addition to providing advanced voice communication services, Mobilink also offers a number of value added services to its valued subscribers. Keeping in mind its customers convenience, Mobilink has also bundled mobile handsets, sold either independently or bundled in Get Set Go Pack. Mobilink GSM started operations in the year 1994, as a third entrant in the market, while Paktel and Instaphone were already operating since 1991 and had acquired substantial market penetration. Despite the re-launch of Ufone, the main competitor, Mobilink has maintained its momentum of growth. All this has been possible due to inter-departmental synergy and strengthening of Mobilink’s brands. Till early 2001, they had a market share of 43%. OT took over management control of the company in April 2001 and changed the overall market dynamics through its aggressive marketing strategy and expertise. In less than two years time Mobilink grew by almost 400% with market leadership of 60% market share (year end 2003). At the time when it entered the market it was a small player in the cellular market of Pakistan it is now the market leader both in terms of growth as well as having the largest subscriber base in Pakistan. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The Pakistani cellular industry comprises of 6 players: Mobilink, Ufone, Telenor, Warid Telecom, Zong (a brand of China Mobile Pakistan) and Instaphone, out of which, Instaphone has not maintained a prominent market position in the industry, and thus, has the lowest number of subscribers. As per the PTA findings as of June 2008, the number of subscribers for Mobilink is over 32 million customers (and has approximately 36. 39% of the market share). While Ufone and Telenor tie for second place with 21% market share, Warid Telecom has 17. 9% of the pie while Zong being the most recent has a share of 4. 4%. The price-sensitive industry faces tough competition from all players in the market, which is reflected by the marketing campaigns and by observing the past, thus making cellular services a highly elastic commodity. The market, however, is seen as very lucrative as there are only 6 operators who are providing services to just over half of Pakistan’s population – the tele density figures are a little below 60%. At the same time, companies are investing in infrastructure and technology in order to serve the untapped markets. The PTA acts as a governing body for all telecommunication-related providers in the country, and has set different regulations which operators are bound to follow, to the extent that operators are required to obtain an approval from the PTA before launching a new product or service, thus giving the authority powers to control the competitiveness of the industry. Technology is constantly changing in the telecom sector. Recently, two other players entered the market with BlackBerry support, in order to counter Mobilink’s domination. Moreover, as 3G licenses are expected to be awarded this year, it is expected that companies will invest in 3G and roll out services to users within one year. Moreover, as the telecom sector is witnessing rapid growth, represented by high revenues, companies are devising new tactics on attracting and targeting users and trying to increase the average revenue obtained per user. Firms compete on the basis of pricing, while quality of service is often overlooked. The telecom sector has faced a boom due to the continuous reduction in price, and the ability of network providers to continuously add customers to their user base. Due to this, companies gain momentum and size rapidly, and can are therefore able to provide more services. At the same time, these companies become cash-rich, and investment is an on-going process. Network coverage, subsidized SIM card rates, the ability to switch from one network to another while retaining the same number all have posed opportunities for different providers, but simultaneously, these are also challenges. The industry’s success is due to the large amounts of investment that takes place. The telecom sector takes a good chunk of the annual FDI, with investment running into millions of dollars. Evidently, these companies are making substantial amounts of profit, considering there is no bar on the amount of remittances companies are allowed to take to their home countries’. The amount of money telecom companies utilize for investment and expansion purposes is sizable, thus providing an opportunity for financial institutions to offer their credit. From July 1 2008, the government announced in the budget that the telecom services in Pakistan will have a sales tax of 21% in place of the 15% that was charged before. This is a significant development in the telecom sector’s story as the current telecom penetration rate is less than 60%, and this also poses a challenge to the growth rate as basic access to telecom services has been made more expensive for the consumers. It should be noted that there are other taxes such as the activation tax that is in place for each connection sold (amounting to Rs. 00 per connection or SIM card), which is already being sold at a subsidized rate by the operators. Moreover, the cellular companies and the main fixed-line operator in the country moved a petition to abolish the USF (Universal Service Fund) Access Promotion Charge in order to maximize their revenues. Currently, companies are already fulfilling the basic requirement of 1. 5% of total revenues, and consider the APC as detrimental to their revenues. Only recently has a proposal been sent to the Ministry of IT and Telecom to remove the APC. MARKET SHARE PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL: Considering the current politically instable condition in Pakistan, the telecom sector of Pakistan is not doing too badly. The sector was by far the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in 2007-08. As per PTA, the industry continues to add more than 3 million new mobile subscribers every month even under the current conditions. Although the frequently changing government does bring very frequent changes in the laws and regulations, this does not however stop the number of users from increasing. ECONOMIC: Around the globe there’s a recessive economy prevailing. There is an increase in the interest rates and the slump in the economy world over doesn’t seem to be coming to an end. Pakistan is no exception to this recession. Due to inflation, price of every product/service is sky rocketing. Apart from that the increase in federal excise duty on telecommunication services from 15 percent to 21 percent has adversely impacted the usage of mobile phone and has resulted in reduction in service usage by 8 percent to 9 percent within few weeks of the previous fiscal year. Unfair taxation would lead to burdening the new potential rural consumers who do not have access to mobile phone facility hampering the development of the rural economy. The growth in the telecommunication sector during last 4 years was recorded 100 percent due to its expanding consumer base(Daily Times, July 7, 2008). However, the burden of taxes and duties is going to reduce the usage by the consumers resulting in fewer revenues for the government and reduced operations by the companies. SOCIAL: Cellular revolution has taken Pakistan by storm. The mobile density in Pakistan is reaching 56% (Babar Bhatti, August 31, 2008). Mobile phones are increasingly being used as a social tool across the globe. Pakistani cellular companies are also trying to catch on with this growing ‘cellular activism’ frenzy. It’s true that cellular companies have limited scope of action as far as brining social change is concerned still almost all the mobile companies of Pakistan are doing some kind of social uplift projects. Telenor, for instance, has launched a farmers’ uplift scheme TeleKisan besides the apna PCO and other schemes. Similarly, other cellular companies are also conducting some activities in the avenues of social uplift. Corporate sector too has a major role to play. Instead of simply doling out a few millions in charity, local corporate giants, along with the multinational conglomerates, should come forward with new ideas of using cellular technology for poverty alleviation. TECHNOLOGICAL: Due to the current economic recession, the technology required to expand is difficult to gain. And therefore, Pakistan needs to increase telecom research and development work within the country. China and India are in the process of becoming world major Ramp;D centers for technology and telecommunication. Two top Chinese telecom equipment firms have announced their plans to collaborate with Pakistan: Huawei is working with UET Lahore and ZTE will setup Ramp;D center in Islamabad. The goal of the policy makers should be to increase the rate of transfer of technology from abroad, broaden the pool of local skilled workforce and accelerate the local production of telecom equipment and handset parts etc. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 1. Threat of New Entrants is High. Since PTA has adopted liberal policies to create a foreign investment friendly environment the barriers to entry have significantly reduced. Deregulation has opened up a number of economic benefits in terms of huge foreign investment. Therefore threat of new entrants is considered high because it is easier for foreign giants to come and enter the market. 2. Power of Suppliers is Low. At first glance, it might look like telecom equipment suppliers have considerable bargaining power over telecom operators. Indeed, without the high fiber optic technology required, the companies can’t operate. But there are actually a number of large equipment makers around. There are enough vendors, arguably, to dilute bargaining power. Thus the power of suppliers is low. . Bargaining Power of Buyers  is High. With the increased choice of telecom products and services that are available to customers due to the numerous telecom service providers, the bargaining power of buyers is high. Also because the switching cost from one service provider to another is very low, the buyer can always switch. 4. Threat of Substitutes is Medium. Pro ducts and services from non-traditional telecom industries pose serious  substitution threats. PTCL’s scheme to make all national calls toll free attracted a lot of attention and was able to divert traffic from mobile usage to increased landline usage. . Competitive Rivalry is High. Competition is cut throat. The wave of industry deregulation paved the way for a rush of new entrants. New technology is prompting a wave of substitute services. All players in this competitive market are thus forced to offer new and exciting services at lower prices. This tends to drive industry profitability down. BCG MATRIX Mobilink Jazz has been through the cycle and now enjoys the position as a cash cow as compared to its competitors. It needs to bring down its rates to grow further in the market and back to its position as a star which it once ruled. POSITIONING MAP The above positioning map shows the relative positions of the major players of the telecom industry on a scale that measures price affordability on the x-axis and Value Added Services (VAS) attractiveness on the y-axis. It can be observed that Ufone is leading by a clear majority in the telecom sector with Telenor and Zong following price affordability. While Mobilink is better in VAS attractiveness compared to majority of its competitors, however it is considered comparatively more expensive. Warid lags behind in both price affordability in comparison to its competitors and VAS attractiveness. Product / Services Mobilink being the market leader enjoys major share of the overall market with both Indigo and Jazz dominating the postpaid and prepaid segments respectively Mobilink deals with postpaid Indigo and prepaid (Jazz) packages. JAZZ Addressing the press conference, Graham Burke, president Pakistan Mobilink Corporation Limited said that with the prepaid card a customer could control its cost with the freedom to use. This is when Jazz was first launched in Pakistan, and with the passage of time became very popular, especially among the young lot. Jazz, is based on an intelligent network which is the most advanced and expensive platform, presently available in cellular telephone technology. Scores of facilities available in the package will cater to the communication needs of thousands of people in the country who cannot afford a post paid mobile phone connection. Jazz is an amazing prepaid service that allows customer freedom from monthly bills and gives him/her complete control over his/her cellular expenditure. Customer decides in advance when and how much he/she wants to spend. Jazz is simple, easy and loads of fun. Jazz is extremely affordable, with features like: * No daily charges * Low outgoing rates * 180 days validity of Jazz Scratch Cards * Simply reactivate deactivated Jazz connection Jazz-Aur Sunao Jazz tariffs have been reduced from Rs. 4. 75 per minute to Rs. 3. 50 per minute on all calls from Jazz to any other Mobilink numbers. This tariff reduction will serve as an unparalleled advantage to the largest mobile community in Pakistan, who will now have to pay less to call within the Mobilink family, 24 hours a day. Jazz Member get Member The Jazz Member get Member promo is the first of its kind where Mobilink will be giving it’s customers an opportunity to become the brand’s ambassadors and at the same time earn some free airtime. The essence of the campaign is that an Existing Jazz customer can refer up to 4 new customers and earn Rs. 400 in airtime. The new Jazz customer will also get Rs. 100 free airtime. The list of the Jazz connections is described below: * Jazz Easy the most affordable package that provides access to the best rates to call across Pakistan. Jazz Easy customers can not only enjoy calling at amazingly low call rates from Mobilink numbers, but can call on other networks at comparatively lower rates. * Jazz Octane the hot new package from Mobilink Jazz is customized to meet the needs of the highly dynamic and energetic urban youth of Pakistan. The package entitles the customers to lowest SMS rates, lower late night rates, and the coolest rates for three favorite numbers. * Jazz budget Offers remarkable rates and package features, it is the best package to stay in touch with millions of Mobilink family members in Pakistan. Furthermore, a unique and innovative feature for Jazz Budget is Happy Hour, with exciting rates to all Mobilink numbers for 1 hour in the day. * For the first time ever, a package designed especially for ladies, Jazz Ladies First is the customer’s command on the very best. It provides sizzling recipes to tips on looking the best through SMS. Jazz Ladies First offers remarkably low calls rates amp; to top it all, gives discount card to shop well within your budget. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHTS: * Pioneer in GSM service in Pakistan * It is a sign of prestige Number of customers is more as compare to any other mobile service provider in Pakistan * Highest market share not only in terms of number of subscribers but also in terms of revenue * Mobilink has signed bilateral roaming agreements with 50 operators around the world to have true roaming service operational in over 42 countries of the world * Large number of corporate customers * Economy of scale * Strong Brand name WEAKNESSES: * Large organizational structure, makes it difficult to manage * VAS not that many or effective as compared to its competitors * Service quality not as good as claimed Many inactive customers, includes all those who own a Mobilink SIM but have now switched to another service provider * Highest call rates for a prepaid service, especially compared to the competitors OPPURTUNITIES: * Can lower prices to make business difficult for new companies * Mobilink can target to a market that delivers Internet Protocol packet services to over 650 million GSM subscribers THREATS: * New market players are coming in near future * High tax rates * Increase in imported equipment costs New companies can offer packages for corporate customers in better way * Wireless local loop service providers too targeting areas which are less developed * Current price war may reach at a position where only brand names survive * Due to expensive quality of service now-a-days customers can shift to other companies * Saturating telecom market PRODUCT LIFECYCLE Telecom industry has just started to touch the maturity stage of the product lifecycle; where as the brand, Mobilink jazz having to be the first mover in the market, has now reached maturity stage. The brand due to its high prices and lower VAS services may be progressing a decline because the economy is running in inflation and the purchasing power parity is also making it difficult for one to keep up with high prices when cheaper and better ones are offered in the market. RGI MATRIX PUBLIC NECESSITY| PRIVATE NECESSITY(TELECOM SERVICE)| PUBLIC LUXURY(MOBILINK JAZZ)| PRIVATE LUXURY| On the reference group index matrix, telecom service is a private necessity because it helps you keep in touch with your loved ones. It also helps you contact someone in case of emergency, or could be any reason why you may need to contact someone. However, Mobilink jazz is a public luxury since it’s a brand name in telecom sector. One could always use the les prestigious services to fulfill the need, but using Mobilink jazz is a status symbol. AIOD Framework Activities| Interests| Opinions| Demographics| SchoolingPlaying video gamesOutdoor games(cricket)Hanging out with friendsSchool events participationHolidays spent with familyWatching movies of multiple genre(action, romantic, comedy, horror and cartoons)| Story books (romantic for females; comics)dSchool sports and playsFashion onscienceLike fast food(burgers, pizzas etc)Watch TV cartoons and sitcomsCollecting video games| Soft drinks are cool and a must have with foodPolitics is boringEducation is tiring and boringThey are the new generation with new ideasCulture is holding them down, they’re more westernizedThey are right in what they say, mom and dad are ‘old school’ | No income apart from pocket moneyAged 11-18 yrsIslamabad’s habitatSt udentsMale and femaleSingle| Activities| Interests| Opinions| Demographics| UniversityHanging out with friendsAttending concerts/gigsSpending time with friends during school hrs and outsideGetting together with friends to go out of station to other cities especially up northWatching movies out in the cinemaKeeping up with sports especially cricketListening to loud music(heavy metal, rock, RnB, hip hop)| Opposite Gender attractionFemales develop interest in houseworkPart-time workersMain friends’ circle comes from reference group in the university/collegeDriving around to different hangout spotsCollecting music and listening to itStaying up late at nightFashion conscience and brand conscienceFast food (burgers; pizzas etc) along with formal cuisines from time to time Watching TV series, seasons of all the hit TV shows| They know how the world works nowadaysStaying at home is boring and constrictingPolitics in our country is messed up anyone comes up for the post wants to make money for themselvesOur social values are messed up and worsened by governmen t’s negligenceInflation is rising to increase disparityEducation standards are deteriorating, they haven’t changed much since our parents’ timeMust use branded products as it is a sign of pride and elitesCulture is too conventional and is a hurdle in economic and national prosperity| Majority-no incomeFew part-time jobs (income range 5,000-20,000)Aged 19-25Islamabad’s habitatStudents and professionalsMale and femaleSingle and married| Activities| Interests | Opinions | Demographics| Extensive talking with their friends and relativesBeing very choosy and selective in shoppingRarely having any interest in sportsAttending social events like weddings etc| Part-time or full-time job if working womenLooking after childrenLooking after householdSpending time with amilyFriends and relatives form the reference groupsWatching TV, especially cooking programsFashion dies down as they grow older | We have quite an experience in life so we are quite matureSome are high ly involved in politics, siding with one political figure, while others abstain from even discussing politicsEducation is getting expensive with the passage of timeCulture is a great asset to us and is an important part of our livesThis new generation poses a great that to our social values and cultureThey become brand loyal when it comes to purchasing products | Majority-no income (relying on husband’s income)Few part-time/full-time jobsAged 26 and aboveIslamabad habitatProfessionals and housewivesFemaleMarriedFamily size, 4 (on avg. )| Activities| Interests| Opinions| Demographics| Full-time jobs/working men 9-5Attend social gatherings like weddings, and other official gatheringsMostly smoke regularlySome even play sports, while others have lost interest by now due to aging factorThey listen to soft melodious musicThey spend much lesser time in shopping, but usually don’t shop alone | They want to give remaining time to their familyThey occasionally take family out for dinnerThey read news-paper regularlyThey follow their jobs religiously as it is the mostly the only source of income for the familyFashion is not much a part of their life and it dies down as they grow older| We have an experience of professional life as well as life as a wholeThere should be a balance between our perception of social and moral values and the new generation’sThey support one political figure enthusiastically while literally detest the opposing oneThey want their children to get good education, nonetheless, limited resources hinder itTend to go for branded products b ut it depends on their affordabilityInflation is a grave concern to them| Middle class income rangeFull-time jobs/professionalsAged 26 and aboveIsla mabad’s habitatMaleMarriedFamily size, 4(on avg. )| PRICING Major stakeholders affect pricing decisions are: * Consumers * Government * Distributors * Competitors Sometimes an organization wills assure a forward integration strategy primarily to gain better control over price charged to consumers. Government can impose restriction on price fixing, price advertising and price controls an organization must be careful in adopting its pricing strategy. MOBILINK now a days going on decreasing its pricing strategies (e. g. call rates rs3. 50/min and sms Rs 1) to compete with its competitors i. e. UFONE, PAKTEL GSM, and recent competitors TELENOR amp; WARID). Strategist of MOBILINK is viewing prices from both a shorts –run and long run perspective, because competitor can copy rice changes with relative ease. JAZZ AIRTIME CHARGES: Mobilink strikes back with lowest outgoing rates for on and off-network calls, at 68 Paisas per 30 seconds for all calls. This offer is for sure not going to please Telenor who is running 75 paisa offer these days. 8 Paisa per 30 second offer by Mobilink is available for Jazz Budget users only. (for package conversion dial 123) MOBILINK,since the time of its very entry in the cellular industry,has targeted the less price sensitive strata of the societ y. Mobilink has always maintained its up scale market positioning, backed by its slightly higher service rates. Mobilink intends competing on features and quality of service instead of competing on price. However after witnessing the recent industry trends,where there is an intense price war going on between the cellular industry players,Mobilink had to slighlty deviate from its earlier stratergy in order to maintain its market share. As a result,today,Mobilink is lowering its call rates,offering economical packages (e. g. call rates rs3. 50/min and sms Rs 1. Its latest offering of â€Å"Jazz Budget† is an evidence of this strategic shift in the pricing policy). Future Pricing Plan Later in the report we will introduce a package which will cash on Mobilink’s strength to attract lost consumers and get them to use the brand with prestige and pride once again. PLACEMENT â€Å"Distribution channels, distribution coverage Sales territories, levels and locations† Distribution becomes especially important when a firm is striving to implement a market development or forward integration strategy. MOBILINK is operating through franchises in Pakistan.MMS Outgoing per 50 KB (Rs. )| 6| MMS Receiving (Rs. )| Free| | | GPRS Rate per MB (Rs. )| REFERENCES http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jazz

Sadistic Killer and Rapist Charles Ng

Sadistic Killer and Rapist Charles Ng Charles Ng and Leonard Lake rented a remote cabin in the 1980s near Wilseyville, Calif., and built a bunker where they imprisoned women and used them as sex slaves, torturing and murdering them, their husbands, and children. When the spree ended, police connected Ng to 12 murders, but they suspected that the real number was closer to 25. Ngs Childhood Years Charles Chi-tat Ng was born in Hong Kong on Dec. 24, 1960, to Kenneth Ng and Oi Ping. He was the youngest of three children and the only boy. His parents were thrilled that their last child was a boy and showered him with attention. Kenneth was a strict disciplinarian and kept a sharp eye on his son, constantly reminding Charles that a good education was his ticket to success and happiness. But Charles was more interested in martial arts so he could follow in the footsteps of his hero, Bruce Lee. Charles attended parochial school, and Kenneth expected him to do all his assignments, study hard, and excel in his classes. But Charles was a lazy student and received low grades. Kenneth found his sons attitude unacceptable and got so angry that he beat him with a cane. Acting Out At 10, Ng became rebellious and destructive and was caught stealing. He disliked Western children and attacked them when their paths crossed. When he started a fire in a classroom while playing with off-limits chemicals, he was expelled. Kenneth sent him to boarding school in England, but he was soon expelled for stealing and shoplifting and sent back to Hong Kong. College in the U.S. lasted one semester, after which he was convicted of hit and run driving but, instead of paying restitution, lied on his enlistment application and joined the Marines. In 1981 he was jailed for stealing weapons but escaped before trial and fled to California, where he met Lake and Lakes wife, Claralyn Balazs. He lived with them until Ng and Lake were arrested by the FBI on weapons charges. Ng was convicted and sent to the penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kan., while Lake made bail and went into hiding at a remote cabin in Wilseyville in Californias Sierra Nevada Mountains. The Ghastly Crimes Begin After Ngs release from prison three years later, he reunited with Lake at the cabin and they began living out Lakes sadistic, murderous fantasies, killing at least seven men (including Lakes brother), three women, and two babies in 1984 and 1985. Authorities believe the number murdered is much higher. The spree ended when Ng and Lake were seen shoplifting a bench vise at a lumberyard to replace one they had broken torturing their victims. Ng fled; Lake was stopped in a car registered to one victim with the drivers license of another victim. He was arrested and, during a break in interrogation, committed suicide after writing down his and Ngs real names. Police continued investigating. They found the cabin in Wilseyville and gruesome evidence of the murders: charred body parts, corpses, bone chips, weapons, videotapes showing sexual abuse and rape, bloody lingerie, and a bed with restraints. They also found Lakes diary, which detailed acts of torture, rape, and murder he and Ng had performed in what he referred to as Operation Miranda, a fantasy that centered on the end of the world and Lakes desire for sexual slaves. Investigators also found a bunker built partially into a hillside with a room designed as a cell so whoever was in the room could be watched and heard from an outer room. Complete details of the tapes contents were never disclosed. A Long Legal Battle Ng was charged in the U.S. with 12 counts of murder. He was tracked from San Francisco to Chicago, Detroit, and finally Canada, where he was arrested for robbery and attempted murder committed in that country. After a trial he was imprisoned and, following a six-year, $6.6 million legal battle, was extradited to the U.S. in 1991. Ng and his lawyers used a variety of legal tactics to delay his trial, but it finally began in October 1998 Orange County, Calif. His defense team presented Ng as an unwilling participant in Lakes sadistic murder spree, but prosecutors introduced cartoons Ng had drawn depicting murder scenes in the Wilseyville cabin in details that a nonparticipant wouldnt have known. They also produced a witness who had been left for dead in the killing spree but survived. The witness said Ng, not Lake, had attempted to kill him. Fast Decision From the Jury After years of delays, tons of paperwork, and millions of dollars, Ngs trial ended with guilty verdicts in the murders of six men, three women, and two babies. The jury recommended the death penalty, and the judge imposed it. As of July 2018, Charles Ng was on death row in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, continuing to appeal his death sentence. Source:  Justice Denied: The Ng Case by Joseph Harrington and Robert Burger  and  Journey into Darkness by John E. Douglas

Luxury fashion industry E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Luxury fashion industry E-Commerce - Essay Example The use of colour is usually considered to be an essential component of visual merchandising (Iqbal et al., 2011). Choice of the colour, therefore, determines the attention it attracts to consumers. Use of vibrant colours like red, brown or orange at the entrance and addition of designs gives an appealing look to attract many customers. Colour also, can create an emotional impact on consumers that can portray good meaning about the product. E-commerce employs the use of signage that acts as a salesperson. This increases the efficiency as customers easily reach their destinations by just following the displays in it. Also, use of signage increases customer service since it reduces the waiting time that is a desirable factor to customers. Maintenance of proper lighting to focus on key products improves the appealing effect of the products. Those consumers who use online applications and sites require pictures of products with good lighting to allow them make right choices and save on time. Lastly, the use of unique window display of products serves as an attraction to more sells. Showing items correctly will give consumers idea of how they would look like and these is more likely to influence them to buy the items (Iqbal, et al., 2011). In order to maintain consistency from the real visual merchandise shop and online, e-commerce have to employ some factors. The use of a simple web design with a good user interface where the customers can easily navigate through and make their purchases with ease. Pictures and videos of the items in the store are displayed in high quality and in simple layouts where one can access a number of items at a go. These pictures and videos usually contain a specified description of quality, make and prices. With the Omni-channel strategy, the integration of the real store and online stores has enabled the merchandisers maintain consistency and promote their

Concert Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert - Assignment Example But let us prove such a general line of current musical opus with some evidents, sure, along with â€Å"aura† analysis. Total duration of the opus is 8:30. First part is till 5:18. Second part is from here until the end, approximately 8:15. First part is slow, weak (â€Å"dark† Capitalism), melancholical, full of classical allusions, and repetative. I think, as it was already suggested beforehand, that this weak, slow, and repetitive movement, full of classical allusions, depicts a character of Western and American late capitalist society, as it was viewed by Shostakovich. So, first part is extremely â€Å"dark.† Its aura is â€Å"black† and fantastic one, in terms of German romantism in music.That is why this â€Å"nature† (initial one) of the opus is ruled over by another one, light and strong, like a sun of the rising Communism over the world. Second part gets a victory over the first one after a bright and powerful culmination, which begins at 5:18. Classical movement of the opus (its first part) is overwhelmed by an â€Å"epic† nature of Communism victory. As a composer, Shostakovich suggested that this victory would be very hard and full of efforts (victims?), but its â€Å"light future† is determined, in general. Therefore, fierceful movement of powerful victory of Communism depicted in terms of its ideological strength. To conclude with, â€Å"classical† nature of oldish Capitalism is ruled over a bright revolutionary musical movement of young Communism in the epic battle over the future of the world. Capitalism is weak because of its lack of ideological dominants and motivational strength. This idea was depicted by Shostakovich in his No. 8 in C minor Largo and Allegro Molto. Again, as for the â€Å"aura† analysis, first part of the performance was extremely moody, black and dark as a night. As it was stated, this â€Å"nature† was taken over by a â€Å"sunny† and â€Å"fierceful† (to its enemies) day of rising Communism.

Nokia Essay Example for Free

Nokia Essay 1. What are the trends in the mobile handset Industry? What is Nokia’s strategy and how has globalization changed its way of operation? The major trends in the mobile hand set industry according to www.strandreports.com are the treat and possibilities of the Discount Mobile Service Providers, falling profit margins on basic mobile services as a result of competition, the use of outsourcing, controlled investments in infrastructure, and higher marketing expenses partly because of the use of micro segmentation. Nokia’s strategies are the strength of its brand, supply chain efficiency, and its dominant position in emerging markets. Globalization has changed Nokia’s way of operations by trying to find country’s where they can pay its workers less, and in the long run make more profits. 2. Was the German Backlash against Nokia justified? How can nations make themselves more competitive? In my opinion I believe that the German backlash against Nokia was justified. This is due to the fact that Nokia didn’t repay the 41 million Euros ($63 million) in subsidies it had been given for locating its closed mobile phone plant in Bochum to Romania. Also I feel that it was unjust that Nokia closed the plant in Bochum because it was highly profitable, and the German workforce is far more skilled, well educated, productive, and is one of the world’s highest wage and benefits earners. Nations can make themselves more competitive by increasing their education systems in the country, and also by increasing their trade and communications with other countries. 3. What, if any, were the flaws in Nokia’s approach to announcing and handling its plant closure? What can the company do now for damage control? Nokia’s main flaw in its approach to announcing and handling its plant closure in my opinion was that they had no clear explanation of why such a profitable company needed to close a productive factory. What Nokia can do now is apologize to all the people that they put out of work, and repay the 41 million Euros ($63 million) in subsidies it had been given to the German workers that deserve it. 4. What did I learn from this case study? From this case study I learned that Nokia is the largest mobile handset maker in the world with a 40% market share. Nokia also produces four out of every 10 mobile phones sold worldwide and is well ahead of it competition on the strength of its brand, supply chain efficiency, a dominant position in emerging markets, understanding consumer needs and providing phones ranging from less than $50 to advance services featuring satellite navigation and email. Also that business is business and Nokia found a more profitable location for its factory in Romania even though the German factory was extremely profitable, and it never suffered a loss. Nokia put a lot of people out of jobs due to the closing of the German factory, they saw that the factory only made sense in the short term, and Nokia as a global competitor needs to focus on the long term goals to stay ahead of it competition.

Narcolepsy Essay -- Disorder Sleep Sleepy Health Essays

Narcolepsy Sleepiness, whether due to sleep apnea, heavy snoring, idiopathic hypersomnolence, narcolepsy or insomnia from any number of sleep-related disorders, threatens millions of Americans' health and economic security (1). Perhaps somewhat most concerning of these disorders are those that allow sleep without having any control over when it happens-idiopathic hypersomnolence and narcolepsy. The two are closely related in that both cause individuals to fall asleep without such control, yet narcolepsy occurs without any dreaming during naps (2). For years, narcoleptic people have been falling asleep in corners, concerned, as they have given numerous attempts to try to stay focused and awake. But besides the excessive fatigue that people experience, there surely must be more that can be associated with causing such sleepiness among people at an uncontrolled level. There might especially not be a reason involving the I-function of the brain, as people are not aware of when necessarily they will fall into their deep sleep. Narcolepsy has been clinically defined as a chronic neurological disorder that involves the body's central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is basically like a "highway" of nerves that carries messages from the brain to other parts of the body. Thus, for people with narcolepsy, the messages about when to sleep and when to be awake sometimes hit roadblocks or detours and arrive in the wrong place at the wrong time. This is why someone who has narcolepsy, not managed by medications, may fall asleep while eating dinner or engaged in social activities-or even at times when they are so focused on being awake, yet they cannot be due to their narcoleptic nature. In many cases, however, diagnosis... ...r personal grief. Works Cited: 1)Sleep Apnea, Snoring, Narcolepsy, Insomnia and Other Causes of Daytime Fatigue http://members.tripod.com/~sleephealth/sleepdisorderssleepapnea.html 2)Better Sleep Now! http://www.dreamdoctor.com/better/narcolepsy/6.shtml 3)Center for Narcolepsy: Symptoms and Diagnosis http://www.med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/symptoms.html 4)Living With Narcolepsy http://www.sleepfoundation.org/publications/livingnarcolepsy.html 5)Sleepnet.com Apnea Forum http://www.sleepnet.com/apnea18/messages/434.html 6)Seratonin: The chemistry of Well-Being http://www.angelfire.com/hi/TheSeer/seratonin.html 7)Sleep Channel: Narcolepsy http://www.sleepdisorderchannel.net/narcolepsy/treatment.shtml 8)Sleep: Alternative and Integral Therapies http://www.holistic-online.com/Remedies/Sleep/sleep_ins_food-and-diet.htm

Promote communication in health, social care Essay

Learning outcomes: Outcome 1 Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate. The main reason we communicate is because we want or require something. This may be for comfort: We may require something for our comfort in the form of food or drink, keeping warm or cool, the use of the toilet, bathing etc. or emotional comfort. Exchange of information: We may need to give or receive information about ourselves and the choices we may need to make. Expression of our emotions: We communicate our emotions so that the people around us know how we feel and how to support us whether we are happy, sad or scared. Communication may be verbal, non-verbal, formal or informal. All communication should remain confidential on a need to know basis whatever the type of communication that has taken place. 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting. Communication plays a vital role in the care of an individual. I need to know what I am required to do at each service user’s call. This information is communicated to me in a variety of different ways. The service user may tell me, it is written in the care plan and in the assessment when a package is taken on. I may speak to family members or be left notes by family or other carers. If a service user is unable to communicate verbally they may gesture  to me to let me know what they need or how they feel. Effective communication helps to build a trusting relationship which allows care to be successful. Communication between carers is very important as we need to make sure that care is continuous and we work as a team. Discussions about how a service user likes their care, how difficulties can be overcome, safeguarding and general tips can and should take place via the appropriate forum. Without this communication the care team cannot function at its best. A good working relationship with open communication will lead to a good level of care for our service users. Communication from line managers is vital for me to carry out my role well. I need to be aware of situations that have occurred and the outcomes so that I can give the best care possible to my service users. As a senior carer I also need to be able to communicate well with my team of care workers. If information is not passed on this can lead to failures in the care we provide. Outcome 2 Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals. 2.1 Demonstrate how to establish the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals. 2.2 Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication. I need to be clear of the subject that I am communication.  I need to know the person has the ability to understand what I need to communicate I need to know if I need someone to interpret for me. Is there any way that I need to adapt my communication for the individual I need the environment to be suitable Does the individual need someone with them for support? I need to actively listen to what the individual is communicating to me. 2.3 Demonstrate a range of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs. 2.4 Demonstrate how to respond to an individual’s reactions when communicating. Read more:  Strategies That Can Be Used to Clarify Misunderstandings Outcome 3 Be able to overcome barriers to communication 3.1 Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways. There are a few different ways that differences in background can affect communication. Different cultures have different views of acceptable behaviour regarding verbal and non-verbal communication for example eye-contact, distance between individuals communicating or patterns of formal conversation. In some cultures a woman should not speak unless spoken to. Different cultures also show different levels of emotion in their conversation or discussions. I some cases some cultures seem to get very emotional whereas some are encouraged not to show emotion. Language differences between cultures can cause problems. Words that are similar or even the same may have different connotations to different cultures. For example it is unacceptable for certain words to be used by certain people but fine for others to se them. Differences in body language and gestures can cause problems. For example in some cultures the nod of the head actually means no and a shake means yes. These differences mean that we need to research the cultures of the people we work with to promote effective communication. 3.2 Identify barriers to effective communication. Differences in languages, cultures and dialects including slang and jargon. Hearing or visual impairment. Relationship between those communicating. Generation difference. Physical environment e.g. noise levels, light levels and distance between those communicating. Emotion or distress. Mental health problems. The pace of communication. Learning disabilities. 3.3 Demonstrate ways to overcome barriers to communication. 3.4 Demonstrate strategies that can be used to clarify misunderstandings. 3.5 Explain how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively. If I come across a difficulty in communication I would consult my line manager for advice. Depending on the barriers to communication I could always contact the service user’s doctor or talk to the local authority about support services that are available. Outcome 4 Be able to apply principles and practices relating to confidentiality 4.1 Explain the meaning of the term confidentiality. ‘Confidentiality is a set of rules that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information’. Confidentiality relates to the duty to maintain confidence and respect a person’s privacy. I have a duty to keep any information given to me by a service user on a need to know basis. The service user’s personal information that they share with me should not be shared by myself unless it is in the interest of the service user for me to share with an appropriate professional or person with a proven need to know. There are a number of legislations which cover confidentiality within care work. 4.2 Demonstrate ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication. 4.3 Describe the potential tension between maintaining an individual’s confidentiality and disclosing concerns. Care work is all about supporting an individual’s choices and allowing them to live their life as independently as they can, but, our duty of care sometimes interferes with this if their choices mean that they are in harm’s way or suffer a loss. If we suspect a service user is in harm’s way, suffering abuse or that they could cause harm to another person we need to disclose this information to those who are in a position to help. If we do disclose confidential information the individual needs to know why we need to share the information and that we are obliged to do this. Policies and procedures we are given to follow help us to understand what we should and should not disclose about someone in our care.

Green Houseeffect and Global Warming

Brian John ENG 102 Vicki Besaw 15 April 2013 The green house effect is happening right now at this very moment! According to our text book in physical geography; human induced burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasoline raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the green house effect and global warming. (McKnight’s, Physical Geography, P. 75, 2011)What will happen to the Earth and its people, animals, plants, lands and oceans if we fail to successfully address the environmental issues we face today?Our global population, air quality, human health, our food supply drinking water, wild life and habitats will all be effected with global warming. What can you do to preserve and protect the environment? There are many things we can do to help our mother earth. Opposition may be the large oil, auto, and coal companies and any explanation they may give from their studies will be bias. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING ? Global Warming is defined as the increase of the average temperature on Earth.As the Earth is getting hotter, disasters like hurricanes, droughts and floods are getting more frequent. â€Å"Global Warming and Green House Effect† StudyMode. com. 09 2010. 09 2010 . What causes the greenhouse effect one might ask? According to the movie â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth†, Life on earth depends on energy from the sun. About 30 percent of the sunlight that beams toward Earth is deflected by the outer atmosphere and scattered back into space.The rest reaches the planet's surface and is reflected upward again as a type of slow-moving energy called infrared radiation. (movie; An Inconvenient Truth,2006) The heat caused by infrared radiation is absorbed by â€Å"greenhouse gases† such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane, which slows its escape from the atmosphere. Although greenhouse gases make up only about 1 percent of the Earth's atmosphere, they regulate ou r climate by trapping heat and holding it in a kind of warm-air blanket that surrounds the planet. This phenomenon is what scientists call the â€Å"greenhouse effect. Without it, scientists estimate that the average temperature on Earth would be colder by approximately 30 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit), far too cold to sustain our current ecosystem. How do humans contribute to the greenhouse effect? In our textbook â€Å"While the greenhouse effect is an essential environmental prerequisite for life on Earth, there really can be too much of a good thing. The problems begin when human activities distort and accelerate the natural process by creating more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere than are necessary to warm the planet to an ideal temperature. Burning natural gas, coal and oil -including gasoline for automobile engines-raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. * Some farming practices and land-use changes increase the levels of methane and nitrous oxide . * Many factories produce long-lasting industrial gases that do not occur naturally, yet contribute significantly to the enhanced greenhouse effect and â€Å"global warming† that is currently under way. * Deforestation also contributes to global warming.Trees use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen in its place, which helps to create the optimal balance of gases in the atmosphere. As more forests are logged for timber or cut down to make way for farming, however, there are fewer trees to perform this critical function. * Population growth is another factor in global warming, because as more people use fossil fuels for heat, transportation and manufacturing the level of greenhouse gases continues to increase. As more farming occurs to feed millions of new people, more greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere. American Geophysical Union, Human Impacts on Climate, adopted by AGU Council, December 2003. ) Ultimately, more greenhouse gases means more infrared radiation trapped and he ld which gradually increases the temperature of the Earth's surface and the air in the lower atmosphere. According to the movie â€Å"The Eleventh Hour†, the average global temperature is increasing quickly. Today, the increase in the Earth's temperature is increasing with unprecedented speed. To understand just how quickly global arming is accelerating, consider this: During the entire 20th century, the average global temperature increased by about 0. 6 degrees Celsius (slightly more than 1 degree Fahrenheit). Using computer climate models, scientists estimate that by the year 2100 the average global temperature will increase by 1. 4 degrees to 5. 8 degrees Celsius (approximately 2. 5 degrees to 10. 5 degrees Fahrenheit). Not all scientists agree. While the majority of mainstream scientists agree that global warming is a serious problem that is growing steadily worse, there are some who disagree.John Christy, a professor and director of the Earth System Science Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville is a respected climatologist who argues that global warming isn't worth worrying about. Christy reached that opinion after analyzing millions of measurements from weather satellites in an effort to find a global temperature trend. He found no sign of global warming in the satellite data, and now believes that predictions of global warming by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century are incorrect.In the course stainable development I took here at the College Of Menominee Nation we watched a short 20 minute called â€Å"The Story of Stuff†. Some ways to help the environment; Live green, reduce global warming, conserve energy. (short movie â€Å"The Story Of Stuff†) Want to put more â€Å"green† in your life by saving money and reducing waste? Here is practical information about environmentally friendly food, drink, fashions, cars and cleaning products, to name a few. Make eco-friendly lifestyle choices an d buying decisions that will help sustain the environment rather than deplete it.Reducing global warming may seem like a daunting task, but if each of us makes a commitment to taking steps now, we can make a difference. For example, if every family in the United States replaced one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent, 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases would be eliminated. Look here for more steps, big and small, that will help to reduce global warming One way to do your part to protect the environment is to make choices every day that enable you to use less energy. Here are some of the things I learned in the sustainable development class at the College of Menominee Nation.Reduce, reuse, recycle, do your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and al uminum cans. If there isn't a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.Use less heat and air conditioning. Adding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home. Turn down the heat while you're sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year. Change a light bulb.Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than i ncandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat. If every U. S. family replaced one regular light bulb with a CFL, it would eliminate 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases, the same as taking 7. 5 million cars off the road. Drive less and drive smart. Less driving means fewer emissions.Besides saving gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exercise. Explore your community mass transit system, and check out options for carpooling to work or school. When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by more than 3 percent. Every gallon of gas you save not only helps your budget; it also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Buy energy-efficient products. When it's time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good gas mileage.Home appliances now come in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to prov ide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard light bulbs. Avoid products that come with excess packaging, especially molded plastic and other packaging that can't be recycled. If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually. Use less hot water. Set your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 5 years old.Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it. That change alone can save at least 500 pounds of carbon dioxide annually in most households. Use the energy-saving settings on your dishwasher and let the dishes air-dry. Use the off switch. Save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as much light as you need.And remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and computer when you're not using them. It's also a good idea to turn off the water when you're not using it. While brushing your teeth, shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you actually need it for rinsing. You'll reduce your water bill and help to conserve a vital resource. Plant a tree. If you have the means to plant a tree, start digging. During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic, manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. Get a report card from your utility company. Many utility companies provide free home energy audits to help consumers identify areas in their homes that may not be energy effi cient. In addition, many utility companies offer rebate programs to help pay for the cost of energy-efficient upgrades. Encourage others to conserve.Share information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment. ( Reducing Carbon-Based Energy Consumption through Changes in Household Behavior Thomas Dietz, Paul C. Stern, and Elke U. Weber Daedalus, Winter 2013, Vol. 142, No. 1 , Pages 78-89) These steps will take you a long way toward reducing your energy use and your monthly budget. And less energy use means less dependence on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.Works Cited (McKnight’s, Physical Geography, P. 75, 2011) â€Å"Global Warming and Green House Effect† StudyMode. com. 09 2010. 09 2010 ;http://www. studymode. com/essays/Global-Warming-And-Green-House-Effect -416843. html;. (American Geophysical Union, Human Impacts on Climate, adopted by AGU Council, December 2003. ) (short movie â€Å"The Story Of Stuff†) .( Reducing Carbon-Based Energy Consumption through Changes in Household Behavior Thomas Dietz, Paul C. Stern, and Elke U. Weber Daedalus, Winter 2013, Vol. 142, No. 1 , Pages 78-89)

Examples of Chemical Suspensions

Examples of Chemical Suspensions In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture in which the solute particles- whether liquid or solid- do not dissolve. Most of the suspensions you encounter in everyday life consist of solid particles in liquids, but suspensions can also form from two liquids or even from a solid or liquid in a gas. One key way to identify a suspension is that the components typically separate over time. Mixing or shaking needs to occur to form a suspension. Given time, suspensions usually separate on their own. Mercury Shaken in Oil Mercury is a metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Because of its liquid properties, the element can be mixed with oil to produce a suspension. The mercury particles will disperse throughout the oil when the solution is shaken, but the particles will never dissolve. If left to sit, the two liquids will eventually separate. Oil Shaken in Water Water molecules, because of their polarity, are highly attracted to each other. They exhibit a stickiness that can be seen by slowly moving two water droplets toward each other. Oil molecules, on the other hand, are non-polar, or hydrophobic, which prevents them from joining together with water molecules. Oil shaken in water will produce a suspension as the oil particles are momentarily scattered. Left undisturbed, however, the two elements will separate from each other. Dust in Air Dust in the air is an example of a solid-gas suspension. Dust- tiny particles that include pollen, hair, dead skin cells, and other materials- is lifted by wind and ventilation systems and scattered throughout the air, producing a suspension. Because the particles of dust are solid, however, they will eventually return to earth and form a fine layer of sediment on the solid surfaces below. Soot in Air Soot- which takes the form of black smoke- is made up of carbon particles released through the combustion of coal and other carbon-rich energy sources. When it is first released, soot forms a solid-gas suspension in the air. This can be seen in fireplaces, power plants, and vehicles. Like dust in the air, soot eventually settles, blackening chimneys and other surfaces.

British Airways Essay Example for Free

British Airways Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA In 1987, British Airways was privatised, and over the next decade turned from a loss-making nationalised company into â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† – a market-leading and very profitable plc. The strategy that transformed the company into a marketing-led and efficient operation was conceived and implemented by Lord King as Chairman, aided by Sir Colin (subsequently Lord) Marshall: two tough businessmen who confronted staff inefficiencies and so improved service effectiveness that BA was rated international business travellers’ favourite airline for several years in the 1990’s. Lord King having retired, Lord Marshall became Chairman and was succeeded as Chief Executive by Bob Ayling, a long-time BA manager. Ayling set in train a strategy to turn BA into a â€Å"global† airline – transcending the â€Å"flag-carrier† status (the role of a nation’s leading airline) it shared with Air France, Lufthansa, Swissair, Alitalia, Iberia – into an airline with no â€Å"national home† operating throughout the world. The dropping of the overtly â€Å"British† heritage and associations was reflected in a changed brand strategy. Away went aeroplane liveries featuring the Union flag, to be replaced by tailfins bearing themed designs from around the world. This was to address the â€Å"global traveller† a savvy (mainly business) customer whose criteria for purchase were service levels, range of destinations, promptness – not price. But the re-branding became a debacle. Customers, staff, alliance partners, shareholders and retailers (travel agents) all liked the British heritage and imagery and rebelled against the turn to an anonymous, characterless new style. Ayling also focused on cost-reduction programmes which antagonised and demotivated BA’s staff – and customers noticed the deterioration in behaviour of staff whose commitment to customer service suddenly plummeted. The upshot was that Ayling was ousted in a boardroom coup in March 2000. During his reign, a loss of 244m in the year to March 31 2000 – the first since privatisation – was recorded and the group’s market value had fallen  by half. In May 2000, Rod Eddington joined BA as Chief Executive. He was previously Managing Directory of Cathay Pacific and Executive Chairman of Ansett, an Australian airline. Eddington’s immediate actions were designed to restore profitability to BA’s operations – and to restore the Union Flag to BA’s planes! He set about reducing the fleet, moving to smaller aircraft, cutting clearly unprofitable routes. He also targeted â€Å"high-yield† customers, the traditional mainstay segment for BA. Matching supply with demand was the overall concern, to restore positive cash flow. Strategically, BA’s longtime search for a merger partner was resumed. A link with American Airlines, the first choice partner, was out of the question after US regulatory authorities squashed the idea. A proposed merger with KLM, the Dutch flag carrier, was discussed in some depth, but that foundered on doubts over the long-term financial benefits, and arguments over the relative shares each airline would have in the merged company. Meanwhile, the airline industry was undergoing a seismic shift with the rise of low-cost â€Å"no frills† airlines. Ryanair and easyJet had, at first, demonstrated the existence of a new market for cheap airline travel which had not been tapped by traditional airlines. But then they began to expand and to compete for passengers that normally would have gone to BA – even business class customers couldn’t see the reason â€Å"to pay  £100 for breakfast† (the difference in price between BA and easyJet between London and Edinburgh.) BA’s response (under Bob Ayling) was to form GO as a direct response to the no-frills competitor. Operating out of Stansted airport, GO was operated entirely separately from BA, so none of the high-cost culture was inherited. Launched in the face of vociferous opposition from easyJet, GO nevertheless established itself in the market – though at what cost, no-one could guess. Rod Eddington soon decided that his focus on premium customers made GO’s operations inconsistent with that of BA as a whole. GO was sold in May 2001 for  £100m to 3i, a UK venture capital and private equity group. GO was subsequently sold on to easy Jet for 375m. However, the driving of aggressive strategies from budget airlines is still forcing flag-carriers to re-assess their business models. For the year ended March 2001, Eddington’s steps had yielded a quadrupling of operating profits. Market share on key routes had been lost as cuts in fleet and routes bit, but BA believed it had lost customers who paid deeply-discounted fares. BA continued its vigorous pursuit of high-yield passengers. So, all seemed to be going well. The brand was being restored, financial performance was improving and the only real problem was lack of progress on forming a partnership with a US carrier, prevented by the regulators. Then came September 11th, and the airline market fell apart. The consequences were swift – passenger numbers fell 28%, US airports were closed for a week, Swissair, Sabena, US Airlines and nearly, Aer Lingus, went bust. Alitalia lost 570m, Lufthansa 400m. Altogether the industry lost 7bn and shed 120,000 jobs – 13,000 at BA – and passenger numbers are still running at 13% below normal on transatlantic routes. In contrast, passenger numbers and financial results at low-cost carriers – easyJet and Ryanair – were rising impressively. Then came Sars, the Iraq war and the continuing sluggishness of the world economy, all deeply damaging to passenger numbers. Strategy at BA was thrown into disarray. With the travel market is still subject to â€Å"global economic and political uncertainty†, BA has repeated its forecasts for lower revenues. However, the â€Å"fundamentals of this business are stronger than they have been for four or five years† John Rishton, Finance Director, says BA is generating cash, and is conserving that cash. (FT and D.Tel. 6.11.02). The operational imperatives to cope with the turbulent environment are expressed in BA’s â€Å"Future Size and Shape† initiative which is intended to: – Achieve significant cost reductions. Originally targeted at 650m, the cost savings are now expected to save an annualised  £1.1bn over 3 years (FT 19.3.03). Simplified operations and minimal overheads is the aim. – Cut capacity, to match supply of aircraft and flights to the reduced demand. – Cut staffing levels. A further 3,000 job cuts planned for March 2004 have been brought forward to September 2003. – Change BA’s business model. Aware that no-frills competition is not going to go away, but that BA possesses a positive service heritage, BA wants to create an offering that combines the best bits of BA and the no-frills model. Martin George, BA’s director of marketing and commercial development, explains â€Å"our customers like the BA product – convenient airports, high frequency, good level of service – but want it at the right price, and that’s what we’ll give them. It’s about changing our business model to allow us to compete profitably† (Management Today, September 2000). – Rationalise BA’s internal UK and short-haul business – CitiExpress has been formed from the activities of subsidiaries Brymon, BRAL, Manx and BA Regional. To stem heavy losses on this short-haul network, some rationalisation has been done – it has pulled out of Cardiff and Leeds-Bradford airports, and will cut its current fleet from 82 to 50 all-jet planes by end-2005. However, it is expanding operations from Manchester, and from London City airport to Paris and Frankfurt. (FT 18.12.02). It is recognised that BA started to take the bitter medicine of cost cuts and restructuring earlier and in bigger doses than rivals in Europe and North America, and that Rod Eddington has pushed through changes that were long overdue. But is this enough? – can BA wrest back the short haul market from easyJet and Ryanair, while maintaining its position in the longhaul market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In July 2003, just at the start of the busy holiday season, BA was hit by an unofficial strike by Heathrow check-in and sales staff who were objecting to a hasty introduction of a swipe-card automatic clocking system. 500 flights were cancelled, affecting 100,000 passengers. The damage to BA’s service reputation was enormous. Both management and union leaders were taken by surprise, and it brought to a head the existence of restrictive practices going back 40 or 50 years which both sides have to confront. Results for the year ending 31st March 2003 showed a pretax profit of 135 on turnover down 7.8% to  £7.69bn, up from a loss of 335 in the year to March 2002. The results included a charge of 84m for the planned ending of Concorde flights in October, and a fourth-quarter loss (January to March) of 200m. These positive results were entirely down to cost reduction. No  dividend was paid – a consequence of the need to conserve cash. Operating margin at 3.8% is way below Eddington’s target of 10%. (D.Tel, 20.5.03, FT, 21.5.03). In the first quarter of the 2003-04 year, a pretax loss of  £45m was incurred – the effect of the Heathrow strike was put at 30-40m. However, Rod Eddington sees the furure business environment as very hard to read, but expects it to get tougher. 2003-04 was meant, according to analysts, to be BA’s year of recovery, but it is not now expected to happen. (DTel, 11.2.03) A critical development is the start of talks between the EU and the USA to dismantle the web of regulations that have controlled the development of international aviation since the mid-1940’s. Eddington, as chairman of the Association of European Airlines, insists that truly global airlines are impossible in the current regulatory environment. â€Å"If it were left to the market, international airlines would undoubtedly follow in the footsteps of other industries and would seek the benefits of scale and scope that are currently denied them. A truly global airline†¦..would be free to operate wherever its customers demanded, free to grow organically or through acquisition and free to charge whatever the market would bear.† These talks are likely to be very long. However, it potentially offers the opportunity for an opening of the two biggest airline markets and lead to substantial consolidation of participants. (FT, 29.9.03). The takeover of KLM, the Dutch flag carrier, by Air France, may be the precursor to the consolidation expected. BA sees no threat from what is now Europe’s largest airline. D.Tel, 1.01.03). British Airways. (2016, Jul 21).

Critically discuss the arguments for and against the use of fair Essay - 1

Critically discuss the arguments for and against the use of fair values in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. Cite literature to support your answer - Essay Example As the report explores financial statements need to be comparable from one year to the next and between one company and another. However, even though fair values may be said to be current and therefore more comparable, the fact that judgement need to be exercised brings subjectivity into play. In addition to that, those judgements on which investors and other stakeholders depend have their own agenda. In some cases they may exercise their judgement in such a way as to manipulate the accounts. This therefore brings us back to the reliability of the figures in the financial statements. This essay stresses that the arguments against fair value accounting appear to outnumber those in favour. Most of the arguments against essentially relate to the classification of financial instruments the fair value hierarchy. According to Ernest and Young the 2008 amendment of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requires that the classification of financial instruments be recorded at fair value in a hierarchy consisting of three levels. The first levelrelates to quoted prices that have not been adjusted for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. The second level relates to input prices but excludes quoted prices which are included in the first level and which can be observed directly for assets and liabilities, in the form of prices or in the form of derived prices indirectly. The third level relates to both assets and liabilities that are not based on market data that can be observed.